{"id":804,"date":"2020-04-30T00:00:11","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T22:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/?p=804"},"modified":"2020-04-30T00:00:13","modified_gmt":"2020-04-29T22:00:13","slug":"zemedelci-kvuli-klimatu-meni-sve-postupy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/?p=804","title":{"rendered":"Zem\u011bd\u011blci kv\u016fli klimatu m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 postupy (STARGATE EU project)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

12. 3. 2020, Lucie Jandov\u00e1, Pr\u00e1vo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dlouhodob\u00e9\n v\u00fdzkumy po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00ed lze\n o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny. P\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR je na cest\u011b k jin\u00e9 \nklimatick\u00e9 kondici ne\u017e doposud. Pro zem\u011bd\u011blce to znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ehodnotit \nn\u011bkter\u00e9 zaveden\u00e9 postupy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed
Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto Foto: Jaroslav Soukup, Novinky <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zm\u011bnami po\u010das\u00ed a jejich dopady na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u010di krajinn\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed se s podporou EU<\/a> zab\u00fdv\u00e1 i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed program Stargate. Do v\u00fdzkumu bylo zahrnuto i \u010cesko, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b lokality Pojize\u0159\u00ed a Jihomoravsk\u00fd kraj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkum\n uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b za posledn\u00edch 34 let stoupla \npr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota o 1,52 stupn\u011b, zat\u00edmco pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky se \nnaopak sn\u00ed\u017eily o 41,06 mm. Doba slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu se v pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnot\u011b \nzv\u00fd\u0161ila o 271,8 hodiny za rok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odborn\u00edky\n to vede k hypot\u00e9z\u00e1m, \u017ee zanedlouho bude p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm ve jmenovan\u00e9 \noblasti charakter podneb\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fd tomu, jak jej zn\u00e1me z \u0158ecka<\/a>, Chorvatska<\/a> nebo z It\u00e1lie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak zadr\u017eet vodu a omezit erozi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tyto zm\u011bny se bezprost\u0159edn\u011b dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, ot\u00e1zkou je nap\u0159\u00edklad sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se produk\u010dn\u00ed schopnost p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 technologie byly vyv\u00edjeny pro podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ely \n\u010dty\u0159i ro\u010dn\u00ed doby, a\u010dkoli n\u00e1m fakticky z\u016fstaly pouze na dv\u011b. Jako by u\u017e \nbylo pouze l\u00e9to a podzim,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Karel Charv\u00e1t, v\u011bdeck\u00fd a technick\u00fd \nmana\u017eer spole\u010dnosti Les\u00adprojekt-slu\u017eby, jen\u017e se problematikou \ndlouhodob\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli\n se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty minim\u00e1ln\u00ed, ve skute\u010dnosti je n\u00e1r\u016fst \nenergie urychluj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdpar vody obrovsk\u00fd. Sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd \u00fahrn se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \nnezm\u011bnil, sp\u00ed\u0161e kles\u00e1, nav\u00edc se zm\u011bnil charakter sr\u00e1\u017eek. \u201eP\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 \nsr\u00e1\u017eky mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b narostly,\u201c podot\u00fdk\u00e1 Charv\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle\n n\u011bj je p\u0159itom omyl, kdy\u017e se na ve\u0159ejnosti mluv\u00ed o pot\u0159eb\u011b hlubok\u00e9 orby \npol\u00ed. Ta toti\u017e v such\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch p\u016fdu velmi vysu\u0161uje. \u201eT\u00edm se vlastn\u011b\n umrtvuje p\u016fdn\u00ed profil. Schopnost p\u016fdy zadr\u017eovat vodu se omezuje, co\u017e v \nobdob\u00ed sucha p\u016fsob\u00ed na p\u016fdu destruktivn\u011b,\u201c poukazuje Charv\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed se podle n\u011bj tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 zm\u011bn\u00e1m bude muset zm\u011bnit. \nPomoci mohou p\u0159esn\u00e9 technologie. \u201eUmo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed racion\u00e1ln\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed se \nzdroji vody, s hnojivy \u010di pesticidy. T\u00edm se z\u00e1sadn\u011b omez\u00ed negativn\u00ed \ndopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed,\u201c tvrd\u00ed Charv\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9maty\n se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum EU Horizont 2020, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je \nnavr\u017een\u00ed inovac\u00ed v reakci pr\u00e1v\u011b na zm\u011bny klimatu. \u00da\u010dastn\u00ed se jej tak\u00e9 \n\u010de\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, zem\u011bd\u011blci a ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b sdru\u017een\u00ed \nWirelessInfo, V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav meliorac\u00ed, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd Lesprojekt-slu\u017eby, \nJihomoravsk\u00fd kraj a dru\u017estvo Rost\u011bnice, a. s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u011b\n jmenovan\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd podnik hospoda\u0159\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000 hektarech orn\u00e9\n p\u016fdy na Vy\u0161kovsku, kter\u00e9 je jedn\u00edm z region\u016f nejv\u00edce posti\u017een\u00fdch \nsuchem, vedry a p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdmi de\u0161ti. V\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b t\u0159etiny obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9 \np\u016fdy v Rost\u011bnic\u00edch jsou erozn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00e9 a le\u017e\u00ed na svaz\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1sov\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed m\u00e1 budoucnost<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi technologiemi, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dnost zav\u00e1d\u00ed do praxe, jsou \nkonturov\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a p\u00e1sov\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin. Tyto technologie \nkombinuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik metod a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody a \nprotierozn\u00ed ochranu, jak v\u011btrnou, tak vodn\u00ed. Tato metoda umo\u017e\u0148uje \nst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin, a to i t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 by na svaz\u00edch byly obvykle \npova\u017eov\u00e1ny za erozn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePodstatou\n je st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed ozim\u00fdch a jarn\u00edch plodin, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b meziplodin, v p\u00e1sech o \n\u0161\u00ed\u0159ce 20 a\u017e 40 metr\u016f. Jsou sety tak, aby jejich sm\u011br co nejl\u00e9pe \nkop\u00edroval vrstevnici. St\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin v p\u00e1sech zaji\u0161\u0165uje rovnom\u011brnou \nochranu pozemku p\u0159ed vlivy eroze, a to po cel\u00fd rok. Takov\u00fd zp\u016fsob ve \nsrovn\u00e1n\u00ed s hospoda\u0159en\u00edm po sp\u00e1dnici zlep\u0161uje zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody ve svahu \ndvakr\u00e1t a\u017e \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t. Zabr\u00e1n\u00ed se tak i erozi p\u016fdy,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Michal \nKraus, agronom dru\u017estva Rost\u011bnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Rost\u011bnice a.s. \u2013 p\u00e1sov\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Podobn\u00e9\n postupy reguluj\u00ed tak\u00e9 stav zv\u011b\u0159e. T\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, zat\u00edmco \u010dernou se \nda\u0159\u00ed omezovat. Rovn\u011b\u017e se sni\u017euje p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edho povrchu. P\u00e1sov\u00e9 \nst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin je technologie dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e1 ve st\u00e1tech su\u017eov\u00e1n\u00fdch \nextr\u00e9mn\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad USA, Kanada<\/a> nebo \u010c\u00edna<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj \u010dl\u00e1nku: https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/domaci\/clanek\/zemedelci-kvuli-klimatu-meni-sve-postupy-40315770<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

12. 3. 2020, Lucie Jandov\u00e1, Pr\u00e1vo Dlouhodob\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00ed lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny. P\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR je na cest\u011b k jin\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 kondici ne\u017e doposud. Pro zem\u011bd\u011blce to znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ehodnotit n\u011bkter\u00e9 zaveden\u00e9 postupy. Zm\u011bnami po\u010das\u00ed a jejich dopady na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u010di krajinn\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed se s podporou EU zab\u00fdv\u00e1 i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=804"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":805,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/804\/revisions\/805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesprojekt.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}